Over这个单词你真掌握了吗？请仔细体会over这个词有个动态感

over有这么几个词性，介词，形容词，副词，甚至偶尔还可以做名词。仔细体会over做为介词/形容词/副词的时候，有一种动态感，表示从一个边界跨到另一个状态，接近于across，比如下面的介词第三条，还有4， 5， 6条；还有副词里的用法，也能体现动态感，请查对下面的内容。

o∙ver¹ / ˈovə ; ˈəʊvə /
◙prep
1. ABOVE 在上方, above or higher than something, without touching it
• 在…上面（上方）〔但未触及〕，在…上空;
【OPP】 under
 »A lamp hung over the table.
  一盏灯悬挂在桌子上方。
 »She leaned over the desk to answer the phone.
  她俯身靠在书桌上接电话。
 »The sign over the door said 'Mind your head'.
  门上方的警示牌写着“小心碰头”。
 »We watched a helicopter flying low over the harbour.
  我们看着一架直升飞机在港口低空飞行。
2. COVERING 覆盖着, on something or covering it
• 在… 上面; 盖在…上面;
【OPP】 under
 »Over the body lay a thin white sheet.
  尸体上盖着一层薄薄的白布单。
 »She wore a large jacket over her sweater.
  她在毛衣外面穿了件宽大的夹克。
 »Mind you don't spill coffee over my best tablecloth.
  当心别把咖啡洒在我最好的桌布上。
3. ACROSS 穿越, from one side of something to the other side of it
• 从〔某物的〕一边到另一边:
 »Somehow the sheep had jumped over the fence.
  不知怎么地，那只羊跳过了围栏。
 »The road over the mountains is steep and dangerous.
  这条翻越山区的路陡峭而危险。
 »a bridge over the River Thames
  泰晤士河上的一座桥
 »Their house has a magnificent view over the bay.
  从他们家能看到海湾漂亮的景致。
4. ON THE OTHER SIDE 在另一边, on the opposite side of something from where you already are
• 在…的另一边:
 »There's a bus stop just over the road.
  路对面就有一个公共汽车站。
 »They live over the river in Richmond.
  他们住在河对面的里士满区。
5. DOWN FROM STH 从某物掉下来, down from the edge of something
• 从…边缘上掉下:
 »The car plunged over a cliff.
  汽车从悬崖边上冲了下去。
6. IN MANY PARTS OF STH 到处; 各处, in or to many parts of a particular place, organization, or thing
• 到处，各处:
 »He used to wander over the moors, losing all track of time.
  他过去常在旷野上漫步，完全忘记了时间。
 »all over (sth) ( = in every part )
  到处，各处
 »They said they had cleaned up but there were bottles all over the place.
  他们说已经清扫过了，但那里到处都是瓶子。
 »Scientists from all over the world gather here.
  来自世界各地的科学家聚集在这里。
7. NO LONGER AFFECTED 不再有影响的, if you are over an illness or a bad experience or situation, you are no longer affected by it
• 〔从疾病或糟糕的经历或情形中〕恢复过来，熬过来;
--› recover :
 »I think we're over the worst of the crisis now.
  我想我们现在已经熬过了最危急的关头。
 »He had a fever last night, but he seems to be over it now.
  昨晚他发高烧，但现在好像已经好了。
 »Sybil has never got over the shock of her mother's death.
  西比尔一直未能从她母亲去世的震惊中恢复过来。
 »I'm over him now (=I am no longer in love with him) .
  我现在已经不在乎他了。
8. MORE THAN 超出, more than a particular number, amount, or level
• 超出〔某一数目、数额或程度〕，比…多;
【OPP】 under
 »The Japanese were producing over 100 million tons of steel.
  日本的钢产量超过了 1 亿吨。
 »toys suitable for children over the age of three
  适合 3 岁以上儿童的玩具
 »drivers who go over the speed limit
  超速驾驶的司机
 »the over-30s / 50s etc (=people who are more than a particular age) 30 岁 / 50 岁等以上者
 »a social club for the over-60s
  为 60 岁以上人士设立的联谊俱乐部
9. DURING 在…期间, during
• 在…期间:
 »Will you be home over the summer vacation?
  暑假期间你在家吗？
 »Over a period of ten years he stole a million pounds from the company.
  他在 10 年间从公司偷走了100 万英镑。
 »Can we talk about this over dinner?
  我们能否边吃饭边谈这问题？
--› see box at SINCE
10. CONCERNING 关于, about a particular subject, person or thing
• 与…有关，关于:
 »He's having problems over his income tax.
  他在所得税方面出了问题。
 »a row over public expenditure
  有关公共开支的争论
 »There is concern over the bad image of the legal profession.
  大家对法律界的不良形象甚为担忧。
11. CONTROLLING 控制, in control of or influencing someone or something
• 控制，统治，支配:
 »He ruled over an empire that stretched from Europe across to Asia.
  他统治着一个横跨欧洲和亚洲的帝国。
 »She had great personal influence and power over her followers.
  她对自己的追随者有强大的个人影响力和操纵力。
12. BETTER 更好, used to say that someone or something is more successful or better than someone or something else
• 胜过，优于:
 »Ipswich's 3-1 win over Manchester City
  伊普斯威奇队对曼彻斯特城队 3 比 1 的胜利
 »Can Labour maintain its lead over the Conservatives?
  工党能否保持对保守党的领先地位？
 »It has one great advantage over its rivals.
  和对手相比，它具有一个很有利的条件。
13. BY TELEPHONE / RADIO 通过电话/收音机, using something such as a telephone or radio
• 使用，通过:
 »I don't want to talk about this over the telephone.
  我不想在电话里谈这件事。
 »I heard the news over the radio.
  我是在收音机里听到这个消息的。
14. over and above, in addition to something
• 除…之外（还）:
 »He gets a travel allowance over and above his existing salary.
  他除目前的薪水以外，还有一份出差补助。
15. LOUDER THAN STH 比某物更响, making a sound louder than another sound
• 比…响，声音大于:
 »'What?' he yelled over the noise of the engine and the wind.
  “什么？”他顶着引擎的噪声和风声大声问道。
16. PREFERRING 更喜欢, if you choose one thing over another, you choose that thing rather than the other
• 更喜欢:
 »What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant over another?
  你在选择餐厅时，主要考虑的是什么因素？

over²
◙adv, adj
1. FALLING DOWN 摔倒, from an upright position into a position of lying on a surface
• 倒下（的）:
 »He was so drunk he fell over in the road.
  他喝得烂醉，跌倒在马路上。
 »Mind you don't knock the candle over.
  当心别把蜡烛碰倒。
 »Engineers are working to prevent the tower from toppling over.
  工程师在设法防止这座塔倒塌。
2. BENDING / FOLDING 弯/折, so that someone or something is no longer straight or flat, but is bent or folded in the middle
• 弯下（的）; 折起来（的）:
 »As Sheila bent over, a sudden pain shot up her back.
  希拉弯腰时，突然感到背部一阵疼痛。
 »He folded the paper over and put it in his pocket.
  他把纸折起来放入口袋。
3. ACROSS 穿越
a. from one side of an object, space, or area to the other side
• 从…的一边到另一边，穿越:
 »There are only three canoes so some people will have to swim over.
  仅有三艘独木舟，所以一部分人得游过去。
 »The wall was crumbling where children had climbed over.
  这堵墙孩子们爬过的地方快崩坍了。
 »I went over (=crossed the room, street etc) to say hello, but Vincent didn't recognize me.
  我走过去打招呼，但文森特没有认出我。
▪ [+ to ]
 »We flew over to the US to visit my Aunt Polly.
  我们飞往美国去探望波莉姨妈。
▪ [+ from ]
 »One of my cousins is coming over from France with his wife and daughter.
  我的一个表亲和他的妻子女儿要从法国过来。
 »Come over here and see what I've found.
  过来看看我找到了什么。
b. in a place that is on the other side of a space or area
• 在〔某地的〕另一端:
 »Bill lives over on the other side of town.
  比尔住在镇子的另一边。
 »She was standing over by the window.
  她站在窗子的另一边。
 »Do you see that building over there ?
  你看到那边的那幢建筑吗？
4. IN OR TO A PLACE 在或到某处, in or to a particular house, city etc
• 在〔某处〕; 到〔某处〕:
 »You really should come over and see our new house.
  你真的该过来看看我们的新房子。
 »I spent the whole day over at Gabby's place.
  我一整天都在加比家。
 »We could drive over to Oxford this afternoon.
  今天下午我们可以开车到牛津去。
5. FINISHED 结束的, if an event or period of time is over, it has finished
• 〔一件事或一段时间〕完结（的），结束（的）:
 »Is the meeting over yet?
  会议结束了吗？
 »over (and done) with (=used about something unpleasant)〔指令人不快的事〕结束了
 »I'm so glad the mid-term exams are over and done with.
  我很高兴期中考试总算结束了。
 »You'd better give them the bad news. Do it now – get it over with.
  你最好把这个坏消息告诉他们。 现在就去，把这件事情结束掉。
6. TO THE SIDE 向一边, towards one side
• 向一边:
 »The bus pulled over to the side of the road.
  公共汽车停靠到了路边。
 »Would you move over, so I can sit next to you.
  你挪过去一点好吗，好让我坐在你身边。
7. GIVING 交出, from one person or group to another
• 交出，移交:
 »The attacker was ordered to hand over his weapon.
  袭击者被勒令交出武器。
 »Most of the money has been signed over to his children.
  大部分的钱都签字转交给了他的子女。
8. CHANGING 改换; 转换, from one position or system to another
• 改换，转换:
 »The guards change over at midnight.
  卫兵在午夜换岗。
 »We switched over from electricity to gas because it was cheaper.
  我们从用电改成了用煤气，因为煤气较便宜。
9. TURNING 转，翻, so that the bottom or the other side of something can now be seen
• 转，翻:
 »Turn the box over and open it at that end.
  把箱子翻过来，从那头打开。
 »Josh rolled over and went back to sleep.
  乔希翻了个身又睡了。
10. MORE THAN 多于, more than or higher than a particular number, amount, or level
• 更多; 更高; …以上;
【OPP】 under

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英语词汇 over 介词 形容词 副词