时间: 2022-12-03 20:52:09 人气: 6 评论: 0
很多人有了汽车，汽车刮蹭，也就是常态了，这个现象怎么说英语呢？刮蹭等汽车事故，怎么翻译成英语？有一个很地道的词语，scrape，可以表达这个现象。这个词语，更重要的是，要去联想到其他的意义，是一个很地道的英语词汇。
scrape
scrape / skreip / verbREMOVE 除去
1. to remove sth from a surface by moving sth sharp and hard like a knife across it
刮掉；削去
▪ [VN , usually +adv. / prep.]
She scraped the mud off her boots.
她刮掉了靴子上的泥。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
The kids had scraped their plates clean.
孩子们把自己的盘子擦得干干净净。
DAMAGE 损坏
2. [VN , usually +adv. / prep.] to rub sth by accident so that it gets damaged or hurt
擦坏；擦伤；刮坏；蹭破:
I scraped the side of my car on the wall.
我车的一侧被墙刮了。
Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.
抱歉,我把车刮掉了一块漆。
She fell and scraped her knee.
她摔了一跤,把膝盖蹭破了。
The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.
她的手指头让金属丝刮掉了皮。
MAKE SOUND 发出声音
3. [usually +adv. / prep.] to make an unpleasant noise by rubbing against a hard surface; to make sth do this
(使)发出刺耳的刮擦声:
▪ [V]
I could hear his pen scraping across the paper.
我听得见他的钢笔在纸上沙沙地响。
We could hear her scraping away at the violin.
我们听得见她正一个劲儿吱吱呀呀地拉小提琴。
▪ [VN]
Don't scrape your chairs on the floor.
别把椅子在地板上蹭得嘎吱嘎吱响。
WIN WITH DIFFICULTY 艰难获取
4. to manage to win or to get sth with difficulty
艰难取得；勉强获得:
▪ [VN]
The team scraped a narrow victory last year.
这支队去年险胜。
(BrE) I just scraped a pass in the exam.
我考试勉强及格。
They scraped a living by playing music on the streets.
他们在街头演奏音乐,勉强维持生活。
▪ [V]
The government scraped home (= just won) by three votes.
政府以三票的微弱优势勉强过关。
MAKE HOLE IN GROUND 在地上挖坑
5. [VN] ~ sth (out) to make a hole or hollow place in the ground
挖坑；挖洞:
He found a suitable place, scraped a hole and buried the bag in it.
他找了个合适的地方,挖个坑,把包埋了进去。
PULL HAIR BACK 朝后拢头发
6. [VN] ~ your hair back to pull your hair tightly back, away from your face
把头发拢在后面:
Her hair was scraped back from her face in a ponytail.
她的头发拢在后面,扎成一个马尾辫。
IDIOMS
▪ scrape (the bottom of) the 'barrel (disapproving) to have to use whatever things or people you can get, because there is not much choice available
(因别无选择)将就,凑合
⇨ more at bow ¹ v.
PHRASAL VERBS
▪ ˌscrape 'by (on sth)
to manage to live on the money you have, but with difficulty
(靠…)勉强维持生计,餬口,艰难度日:
I can just scrape by on what my parents give me.
我靠父母给的那点钱只能勉强度日。
▪ ˌscrape 'in | ˌscrape 'into sth
to manage to get a job, a position, a place at college, etc., but with difficulty
勉强获得(工作、职位、入学资格等):
He scraped in with 180 votes.
他以 180 票勉强当选。
Our team just scraped into the semi-finals.
我们这支队勉强挤入半决赛。
▪ ˌscrape sth ↔ 'out
to remove sth from inside sth else, using sth sharp or hard like a knife
挖出；掘出:
Scrape out the flesh of the melon with a spoon.
用小勺挖出瓜瓤。
▪ ˌscrape 'through | ˌscrape 'through sth
to succeed in doing sth with difficulty, especially in passing an exam
艰难完成；勉强通过(考试):
I might scrape through the exam if I'm lucky.
要是走运的话,我也许能勉强及格。
▪ ˌscrape sth ↔ to'gether / 'up
to obtain or collect together sth, but with difficulty
勉强凑集；费力聚拢；艰难筹措:
We managed to scrape together eight volunteers.
我们好不容易凑齐八名志愿者。 nounACTION / SOUND 动作；声音
1. [sing.] the action or unpleasant sound of one thing rubbing roughly against another
刮；铲；刮铲声；刮擦声:
the scrape of iron on stone
铁摩擦石头发出的嚓嚓声
DAMAGE 损坏
2. [C] an injury or a mark caused by rubbing against sth rough
擦伤；擦痕:
She emerged from the overturned car with only a few scrapes and bruises.
她从翻了的车里钻出来,只擦破一点皮,碰了几块瘀青。
DIFFICULT SITUATION 困境
3. [C] (old-fashioned) a difficult situation that you have caused yourself
自己造成的困境:
He was always getting into scrapes as a boy.
他小时候老闯祸。
scrape
scrape¹ / skrep ; skreɪp /
◙verb
1. [T] to remove something from a surface using the edge of a knife, a stick etc
• 〔用小刀等〕刮除:
»Scrape the carrots and slice them thinly.
把这些胡萝卜去皮切成薄片。
»scrape sth away / off
»The earth was scraped away to uncover a trap door.
把土刮掉后露出了活板门。
»scrape sth off / into etc sth
»Teresa scraped the mud off her boots.
特雷莎把靴子上的泥巴刮掉。
»The two of them scraped their dishes clean .
他们两个把盘子擦得干干净净。
--› see picture on page A3
2. [I,T always + adv / prep] to rub against a rough surface in a way that causes slight damage or injury, or to make something do this
• （使）摩擦，擦伤; 刮坏;
--› graze :
»The coat was too long; the hem scraped the pavement.
大衣太长，下摆都拖到人行道上了。
▪ [+ against / on etc ]
»I heard the side of the car scrape against the wall.
我听到汽车的侧面蹭着墙了。
»scrape sth against / on sth
»I scraped my knee painfully on the concrete.
我的膝盖蹭到混凝土上，很痛。
3. [I,T] to make a noise by rubbing roughly against a surface
• （使）发出刺耳的刮擦声:
»Chairs scraped loudly as they stood up.
他们站起来时椅子拖地的声音刺耳无比。
»scrape (sth) on / down / against sth
»He opened the gate quietly, trying not to let it scrape on the gravel.
他轻轻地打开大门，尽量不让它刮到碎石。
4. scrape home, [especially BrE] to win a race, election, or competition by a very small amount
• 〔在赛跑、选举、竞赛中〕险胜:
»The Tories may scrape home, but it's unlikely.
保守党也许会险胜，但可能性不大。
5. scrape (the bottom of) the barrel, [informal] to have to use something even though it is not very good, because there is nothing better available
• 将就，凑合:
»It was clear that the party was scraping the barrel for competent politicians.
很显然，那个政党在降低标准寻找有能力的政治家。
--› see bow and scrape at BOW ¹ (5)
--› see scrape / scratch a living at LIVING ² (1)
◘scrape sth∽back
• if you scrape your hair back, you pull it away from your face and tie it at the back
• 把〔头发〕拢在后面:
»Her blonde hair was scraped back into a ponytail.
她的金发拢在后面扎成一个马尾辫。
◘scrape by
1. to have just enough money to live
• 勉强维持生活，勉强糊口:
»We can scrape by, thanks to what we grow ourselves.
多亏了我们自己种的东西，我们还能勉强维持生活。
2. to only just succeed in passing an examination or dealing with a difficult situation
• 勉强通过（考试）; 勉强克服（困难）
◘scrape in
• to only just succeed in getting a job, a place at university, a position in government etc
• 勉强通过（考试）; 勉强获得（一份工作、一个大学或政府职位等）:
»Labour scraped in by a small majority.
工党以微弱的优势勉强当选。
»He just scraped into college.
他勉强进了大学。
»scrape through (sth)phr v
1. to only just succeed in passing an examination or dealing with a difficult situation
• 勉强通过〔考试〕; 勉强应付〔困境〕:
»I managed to scrape through the exam.
我勉强通过了考试。
◘scrape sth∽together / up
• to get enough money for a particular purpose, when this is difficult
• 〔为某目的〕勉强筹集，凑足〔钱款〕:
»She scraped together the last of her savings.
她凑拢自己最后的那点积蓄。
»They could hardly scrape up enough money for the train fare.
他们几乎连火车票的钱都凑不齐。
scrape²
◙noun
1. [C] a mark or slight injury caused by rubbing against a rough surface
• 擦伤，擦痕;
【SYN】 graze
»I came away from the accident with only cuts and scrapes.
这次事故我只受了点皮外伤。
2. [C] [informal] a situation in which you are in trouble or have difficulties
• 困境，窘境; 麻烦:
»He got into all sorts of scrapes as a boy.
他小时候闯过各种各样的祸。
3. [sing.] the noise made when one surface rubs roughly against another
• 刮擦声:
▪ [+ of ]
»He heard the scrape of chairs being dragged across the floor.
他听到椅子从地板上拖过去的刮擦声。
scrape verb
• ADVERB carefully, gently She carefully ~d away the top layer of paint. | away, back, off I ~d the dirt off.
• PREPOSITION against He ~d the car against the garage wall. | along Patrick lifted the gate to prevent it from scraping along the ground. | on I ~d my elbow on the wall as I went past. | with I ~d the carrots with a knife.
• PHRASES ~ sth clean The wood had been ~d clean.
Scrape is used with these nouns as the subject: chair, fingernail, nail
Scrape is used with these nouns as the object: dirt, knee, knuckle, living, pass, windscreen
